Selective Mutism

What is selective mutism?

A child, who talks in certain situations, but  is silent at other times, over a prolonged period may be described as having selective mutism. For example the child may talk freely and confidently at home, or with close family, but be unwilling to speak in front of teachers or classmates. The child usually feels extremely anxious about talking in specific everyday situations or in front of certain people. Sometimes the child’s anxiety in difficult situations will be evident from a fixed or “frozen” facial expression. Selective mutism often prevents a child from participating fully in activities he or she would like to.
The child may have an additional speech and language difficulty, but with selective mutism, there will be a marked disparity between the child's inclination to talk in different situations. 

What causes selective mutism?

There is no single cause of selective mutism. It is most likely due to a combination of factors. These may be internal to the child, such as a shy or anxious personality, or a speech and language delay. Other contributory factors may be from the child's environment such as a change of school, bereavement, separation or teasing.  In many cases there is no known reason.  It is usually a problem that has evolved over a period of several weeks or months. Sometimes there is someone in the family who is particularly shy or anxious. 

When should I seek help for my child?

It is tempting to think the child will just grow out of it. Don't let the problem continue for too long without treatment as it can become entrenched and leave the child feeling increasingly negative and helpless. With appropriate skilled intervention, progress is usually more effective, improving the situation more rapidly for the child and all those concerned. If your child has had the problem for longer than a few months, seek the help of a specialist speech and language therapist or other professional experienced with selective mutism.

What can I expect from treatment?

A treatment programme  is devised following a detailed assessment which includes an observation of your child and gathering information from you and the teachers. Initially you will be given general advice and strategies to support your child at home and at school. Therapy is begun in an environment  in which your child is comfortable to speak, often at home. Your child will then be supported to speak with different people and in other situations at a gradual and comfortable pace following a step by step programme over several weeks and months.

All adults  at home and school need to work together with the specialist speech and language therapist or professional  to ensure success.